Biology Of Earth Essays - Astrobiology, Origin Of Life,

Biology Of Earth Sometime during our lives, we've questioned ourselves at one point just how long has the earth existed and how did life begin? Our Biology book written by: Solomon, Berg, and Martin, shows theories that has taught us that earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old, and the earliest pieces of life form found was dated back to approximately 3.8 billion years old. This only leaves a time space of 800 million years between the formation of earth and the creation of life. Since then, new theories have shown that life may have originated earlier then they thought. From Bernstein, Sanford, and Allamandolas' article, "Life's Far-Flung Raw Materials" comes the theory that only about 100 million years after the earliest possible point for earth to support life, evidence shows that organisms were already flourishing. But with the amount of time between this, it almost seems impossible, but not if something were to help the process like space compounds. Christopher Chyba has the leading idea that these space particles did in fact bring in the planet's water and atmospheric gases. These space organisms are thought to be responsible for making our earth habitable by bringing in water and gas molecules which would provide our atmosphere and oceans. Also, that the space debris was needed to build life and could have even started the first cellular processes. These space molecules could have absorbed UV-rays from the sun, helping out the weaker molecules, and converting the light energy made into chemical food, which is essential for photosynthesis. Miller showed that the planets first single celled organisms came from a process of chemical steps which is possible for the building blocks of life. It is stated that everyday, tons of space dust falls to the earth's surface, some found containing 50% organic carbon, bringing in about 30 tons of organic material. So not only do some scientists argue about space particles bringing in water and gases, but they could also bring in "ready-made-organic molecules such as the ones seen today. From the meteorites that hit the earth they were able to find a variety of 70 amino acids, but only 8 are used by living cells to build proteins. These meteorites also show such compounds including: nucleobases, ketones, quinones, carboxylic acids, amines, and amides. Astronomers have seen a variety of these organic compounds in the universe and more abundantly in clouds. An experiment was done in a laboratory by Allamandola, where he developed a cloud containing such compounds seen in meteorites. This provided more evidence towards the theory of the earlier development of earth. With the presence of such extraterrestrial compounds like amino acids, quinones, amphiphilic molecules, and other organics, could have very well made it possible for the development or helping towards the development of such life processes. In conclusion, it is easier for us to believe that extraterrestrial compounds were present during the time of this evolution and that it inhibited the creation of such living organisms. But since this concept is relatively new there is not enough evidence to determine if such compounds had anything to do with the development. Why couldn't one say that the scientists misinterpreted the development of earth and living organisms all together? This assumption could regenerate all new findings as to when and how the earth began.

Battle of Guilford Court House in the American Revolution

Battle of Guilford Court House in the American Revolution Battle of Guilford Courthouse - Conflict Date: The Battle of Guilford Court House occurred on March 15, 1781, and was part of the southern campaign of the American Revolution (1775-1783). Armies Commanders: Americans Major General Nathanael Greene4,400 men British Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis1,900 men Battle of Guilford Court House - Background: In the wake of Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarletons defeat at the Battle of Cowpens in January 1781, Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis turned his attention to pursuing Major General Nathanael Greenes small army. Racing through North Carolina, Greene was able to escape over the swollen Dan River before the British could bring him to battle. Making camp, Greene was reinforced by fresh troops and militia from North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. Pausing at Hillsborough, Cornwallis attempted to forage for supplies with little success before moving on to the forks of Deep River.   He also endeavored to recruit Loyalist troops from the region. While there on March 14, Cornwallis was informed that General Richard Butler was moving to assault his troops. In actuality, Butler had led the reinforcements that had joined Greene. The following night, he received reports that the Americans were near Guilford Court House. Despite only having 1,900 men on hand, Cornwallis resolved to take the offensive.   Detaching his baggage train, his army began marching that morning. Greene, having re-crossed the Dan, had established a position near Guilford Court House. Forming his 4,400 men in three lines, he loosely replicated the alignment used by Brigadier General Daniel Morgan at Cowpens. Battle of Guilford Court House - Greenes Plan: Unlike the previous battle, Greenes lines were several hundred yards apart and were unable to support each other. The first line was comprised of North Carolina militia and rifleman, while the second consisted of Virginia militia situated in a thick forest. Greenes final and strongest line was comprised of his Continental regulars and artillery. A road ran through the center of the American position. The fighting opened approximately four miles from the Court House when Tarletons Light Dragoons encountered Lieutenant Colonel Henry Light Horse Harry Lees men near Quaker New Garden Meeting House. Battle of Guilford Court House - Fighting Begins: After a  sharp fight which led the 23rd Regiment of Foot advancing to aid Tarleton, Lee withdrew back to the main American lines. Surveying Greenes lines, which were on rising ground, Cornwallis began advancing his men along the west side of the road around 1:30 PM. Moving forward, British troops began taking heavy fire from the North Carolina militia which was positioned behind a fence. The militia was supported by Lees men who had taken a position on their left flank. Taking casualties, the British officers urged their men forward, ultimately compelling the militia to break and flee into the nearby woods (Map). Battle of Guilford Court House - Cornwallis Bloodied: Advancing into the woods, the British quickly encountered the Virginia militia. On their right, a Hessian regiment pursued Lees men and Colonel William Campbells riflemen away from the main battle. In the woods, the Virginians offered stiff resistance and fighting often became hand-to-hand. After half and hour of bloody fighting which saw a number of disjointed British attacks, Cornwallis men were able to flank the Virginians and force them to retreat. Having fought two battles, the British emerged from the wood to find Greenes third line on high ground across an open field. Charging forward, British troops on the left, led by Lieutenant Colonel James Webster, received a disciplined volley from Greenes Continentals. Thrown back, with heavy casualties, including Webster, they regrouped for another attack. To the east of the road, British troops, led by Brigadier General Charles OHara, succeeded in breaking through the 2nd Maryland and turning Greenes left flank. To avert disaster, the 1st Maryland turned and counterattacked, while Lieutenant Colonel William Washingtons dragoons struck the British in the rear. In an effort to save his men, Cornwallis ordered his artillery to fire grapeshot into the melee. This desperate move killed as many of his own men as Americans, however it halted Greenes counterattack. Though the outcome was still in doubt, Greene was concerned about the gap in his lines. Judging it prudent to depart the field, he ordered a withdrawal up Reedy Creek Road towards Speedwell Ironworks on Troublesome Creek. Cornwallis attempted a pursuit, however his casualties were so high that it was quickly abandoned when Greenes Virginia Continentals offered resistance. Battle of Guilford Court House - Aftermath: The Battle of Guilford Court House cost Greene 79 killed and 185 wounded. For Cornwallis, the affair was much bloodier with losses numbering 93 dead and 413 wounded. These amounted to over a quarter of his force. While a tactical victory for the British, Guilford Court House cost the British losses they could ill-afford.   Though unhappy with the result of the engagement, Greene wrote to the Continental Congress and stated that the British have met with a defeat in a victory. Low on supplies and men, Cornwallis retired to Wilmington, NC to rest and refit. Shortly thereafter, he embarked on an invasion of Virginia. Freed from facing Cornwallis, Greene set about liberating much of South Carolina and Georgia from the British. Cornwallis campaign in Virginia would end that October with his surrender following the Battle of Yorktown. Selected Sources Guilford Court House National Military ParkBritish Battles: Battle of Guilford Court HouseUS Army Center for Military History: Battle of Guilford Courthouse

Organizational and Management Processes Within Health Systems Coursework - 2

Organizational and Management Processes Within Health Systems - Coursework Example No one department is important than the other, and that provides a good understanding of the issues taking place within the organization. Ideally, the leaders understand that the organization must run as expected, providing new wave of understanding that ascertains the impact such organizational methods possess in boosting productivity (Billis 2010: 48). Chronological patterns follow certain sequences in addressing issues within the organization. This calls for the listing of the main issues within the management and follow the best order that will provide the most successful trend in reaching out to the clients (Karre 2011: 9). The goal is to reach out to the audience and provide a good understanding of the main points that will at all times provide the needed order, and set patterns to achieve the desired goals. Since the building blocks of an organization depend on people, strategies, structures, environment, and technology, chronological patterns allow managers to formulate the best combination and follow through with it (Douma & Schreuder 2013: 21). Spatial patterns create the impression of having a roadmap or blueprint that allows people to continue meeting these demands. Ideally, the growth of the company will only arise if the management can create a structure that defines the best means of attaining its goals based on such discussions. The blueprint will be the best way of making sure that the goals are still in sight and not lost in the daily strives to meet personal goals (Billis 2010: 59). Cause-effect patterns, on the other hand, works on meeting specific goals within the most proficient timing. The goal is to generate as much through the understanding of the problems within the system and working on their remedies. It also allows managers to set up ideal avenues that project new growth attributes. The impact is supposed to boost the company’s survival and increase its problem-solving methods (Karre 2011: 15). Organizations realize that the

Muslims and Health Care in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Muslims and Health Care in America - Essay Example In this perspective, while exploring the meaning of providing effective healthcare to the whole person, it will derive that one of the first issues we must address is the nature of personhood. Wellness requires dealing with the disease present in the body, which is the traditional task of medicine. But it also requires working with patients to address other aspects of the illness, their ideas and feelings, their expectations regarding treatment and outcomes, and their ability to function. Addressing these issues require an understanding of emotional, spiritual, and relational concepts of a patient. Religious belief plays an important role in personal outlook towards handling physical self or the body as religious factors is focused heavily on prescribed beliefs, rituals, and practices, as well as social institutional features. In addition to religious factors spirituality of an individual also plays an important role in healthy living. Any spiritual assessment before treatment should be a collaborative process involving both the clinician and patient. Thus, all healthcare personals should identify the importance of cultural orientation, religious beliefs, and linguistic considerations in their approach to effective healthcare practice for delivery to diverse populace in US. Healthcare providers

Terrorism and the News Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Terrorism and the News Media - Essay Example The UK government, considering the enormity of the previous terror attacks and potential threats has developed extensive plans and framed regulations to fight terror. The claims made by the news media and the politicians that the world is becoming more and more unsafe due to terrorist activities cannot be refuted. With a spate of terrorist activities since the last ten years, with the American tragedy of the twin towers, the gruesome subway bombing in London and the recent Mumbai massacre being some of the ugliest terror strikes, common people can hardly think otherwise. The sophistication of the 21st century terrorism in terms of weapons, training, logistic support and strategy planning has made it a deadly game of mass destruction. It is alarming how the agents of terror spare not even children leave aside civilians. They target common innocent people to cause maximum casualty. The past records show that the terrorists aim their strike at business and entertainment hub which also indicate that killing people is not the only motive but there is a hidden agenda and that is to bring a blow to the economy and stability of the nation. It is pretty e vident that an international terror nexus is operative establishing terror modules and sleeper cells across the world and in different nations. There is huge cash flow from the underworlds which is another reason to worry. Hackers and cyber criminals have joined in and given terrorism a new and fatal dimension. With this kind of an agenda and ruthless mentality there is no stopping them from wrecking havoc worldwide unless some very strong measures are adopted and successfully implemented. It does not remain for the news media and the politicians to pronounce the threats to humankind and to the environment of peace caused by terrorism. Terrorism is no longer a distant fear but fear that accompanies one at every step of one’s daily life. The

Impacts of Rising Healthcare Costs in the US

Impacts of Rising Healthcare Costs in the US Assessment 3: International Policies and Economic Dilemmas INTRODUCTION Health is highly valued by the community, and many would agree that â€Å"Health is indeed Wealth†. In this constantly changing environment what becomes of the counties’ financial wealth when health care costs are expanding beyond national income? In a New York Times interview, Victor Fusch argued that all our fiscal problems will be solved when the solution to healthcare spending is formulated (Koalata, 2012). How are countries able to cope with the increasing cost of healthcare spending while remaining fiscally sustainable? Sustainability of a decent healthcare system is further challenged by the global economic down-turn. High-quality healthcare is not necessarily expensive but does take a huge chunk of the government budget especially for countries with universal healthcare. While developed countries struggle to provide universal coverage, poorer nations find it hard to afford even the most basic health care services. IMPACT OF INCREASING HEALTHCARE COST TO NATIONAL AND INTERNATONAL POLICIES Healthcare is a challenging area for all nations. Cost, access and quality are three main factors that need careful consideration in healthcare policy regulation. The sky rocketing cost of healthcare is a gradually expanding international dilemma and its impact on a national and international level will be discussed in the following section. 2.1 International comparison: How does the U.S fare with other developed countries? The ailing healthcare system of the United States is no news to the world. For decades the healthcare system has placed a substantial amount of pressure on the country’s fiscal sustainability and at most a root cause of its fiscal problems (Koalata, 2012). On 2010, the United States spent about $8,508 USD per person which is 17.7% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product). That is 2.5 more than most of the developed countries’ healthcare expenditure like Canada (14.7% of GDP, $4,522 per person), New Zealand (9.5% of GDP, $3,925 per person) and United Kingdom (9.4% of GDP, $5,643 per person) where healthcare is universal (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Apart from rising administrative costs, another reason for the United States’ grandiose spending lies on its complex billing system- one that is arguably biased. In this system, healthcare providers can hand-pick their patients (Koalata, 2012). A more expensive health insurance mostly increases the likelihood of care, treatment and hospital admission or physician consultation. Therefore in most cases, people with private insurance are more eligible for healthcare services compared to the ones with government subsidised insurance such as Medicare and Medicaid. This leaves the country with a high level of inequity with regards to healthcare services. People who are underinsured, in many cases, might as well be considered uninsured. The United States Healthcare system is currently a mess, it has been for years now. In fact no country is as economically healthy as it is expected to be in lieu with their respective healthcare systems, although countries like Sweden and Canada surpass others in this regard (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Globally, the increasing cost for healthcare is due to numerous factors such as; an increasing ageing population, advancing technology, increasing expectations due to increasing income and a widening range of new treatments (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). 2.2 Addressing increasing costs in healthcare Every country has its respective healthcare issues. It is perfectly understood that no healthcare system is flawless. Every policy has its trade-offs. The measure of a successful policy however, lies on its flexibility and sustainability. 2.2.1 Cost-containment Cost-containment allows countries to put a cap on healthcare spending. In contrast to the United States, France and Japan use a common fee schedule which allows them to pay hospitals, doctors and other healthcare providers a uniform rate for most of the patients that they attend to. In addition, Japan ensures flexibility by lowering fees to certain areas that are growing faster than projected (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Similarly, The National Fund for the Insurance of Employed Workers (CNMATS) in France closely monitors spending on all kinds of services (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). If a particular area grows faster than expected, CNMATS intervenes by lowering the cost of the specific service (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Other interventions include monitoring prescription medication. Whenever appropriate, the physicians are encouraged to use cheaper generic drugs by employees in insurance funds sent by the CNMATS (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). In the United States, cost containment is very inflexible . Because the healthcare system mostly runs on private insurances, business owners have the choice of asking providers to contain their costs or passing on higher costs to patients with higher premiums. 2.2.2 Re-organizing Health care Information and communications technology effectively cuts down healthcare costs. Cutting back on healthcare professionals’ workload can immensely save a couple of dollars per hour. For example, Sweden uses electronic drug prescription where a message is sent directly from the doctor’s office to the pharmacy (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). This particular intervention cuts back an hour or two of the pharmacists’ work per day. Not only is the intervention efficient, it also increases effectiveness due to a decrease in medical errors. Another intervention would be admitting acute care patients in a community setting rather than a hospital setting (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Hospital admissions are far more expensive than clinics privately owned or governmentally operated. A health workforce mix can also be used to cut back on physician costs wherein nurses and pharmacists are allowed to do some of the physicians’ responsibilities (The Commonwealth Fund, 20 13). In a way, heath care mix alleviates the health workforce crisis at some extent. Impact on International Policies The World Health Organisation has made it clear that prevention is better than cure and is less expensive in most cases. As of 2013, WHO has focused on the prevention of communicable and non-communicable disease. Community and Public interventions mandated by WHO include cost-effective policies such as tax and price increase on tobacco products (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Developed and developing countries including Bangladesh, Egypt and Pakistan have gained substantial amount of profit and have saved many lives due to the regulation of the said policy (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Less smokers lead to lesser cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders (i.e. arteriosclerosis- a major pre-cursor to heart attacks and stroke, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder). In addition taxes on alcoholic beverages have also been regulated which has significantly decreased accidents related to alcohol intoxication and cirrhosis occurrences (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure are very costly. Treatment and management of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure are very costly. Majority of NCD’s can be averted through interventions and policies that reduce major risk factors- such as obesity. Many preventive measures are cost-effective and have quick impact on the burden of disease at the population level. All the said preventative measures decreased the number of unnecessary disability and mortality which significantly cut back on health costs. POLICY INTERVENTION SOLUTION TO RISING HEALTH CARE COST 3.1 Education and Training A healthy population leads to sound development. With education, public awareness and training countries will be able to provide the necessary community healthcare needs –especially in rural areas. In other words, education leads to economic growth and a major tool in the solution of today’s economic crisis. New technology and new development of vaccines and chemotherapeutic agents are incapable of change on their own. They need vectors–healthcare workers who are well-trained and adequately motivated, to make a difference. Education and training provides public protection against environmental hazards and control of communicable diseases such as HIV- an estimated 35.3 (32.2–38.8) million carriers as of 2012 (WHO, 2008). A shortage of 4.3 million trained healthcare workers has been reported on 2006 (WHO, 2008). This shortage coupled with the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases in developing countries and the ageing population in developed countries are placing increasing demands on health systems worldwide and are resulting in avoidable deaths and unnecessary disabilities. In addition to provision of treatment and care, healthcare workers are necessary in the spread of health awareness. One method that has proven effective in decreasing healthcare cost is the self-management program (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). The said program reduces the use of healthcare services among people with chronic illnesses. In the U.S about 70% of all healthcare expenditures are related to chronic illnesses. Recent studies have shown that a person can cut back on 2 years’ worth of healthcare expenditures (an average of USD $590) with a brief self-management training (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Apart from health improvement and less deterioration, the program also cuts on hospital stays and outpatient visits. 3.2 Tax Benefits and Payments to Caregivers Tax benefits serve as indirect compensation to caregivers wherein governments aim to encourage family members and relatives to assume the informal caregiver role. Through this policy, the cost of healthcare is minimised through reduction or delay of an individual’s institutionalization. Every country’s compensation plan differs from one another. Incentives are provided to suite the community’s need in lieu with the country’s provision capacity. Canada for example, gives out personal credits or what is often called as the â€Å"equivalent to spouse credit†- tax deductible incentives (Canadian Centre of Elder Law, 2013). In addition, Medical expenses credit is also available to further support caregivers with respective medical expenses (Canadian Centre of Elder Law, 2013). Even though Canada has a seemingly good compensation plan, it misses the ‘direct’ compensation aspect of the Caregiving Policy. In contrast, Australia, United Kingdom and France are able to provide direct compensation to informal caregivers wherein actual payments are given to care recipients for their services (Canadian Centre of Elder Law, 2013). U.K provides Care Allowances to support family caregivers via social security programs instead of providing tax incentives. In Australia, the ‘Carer Payment’ provides a bi-weekly benefit to caregivers where caregivers from both low to high-income families are supported (Canadian Centre of Elder Law, 2013). Approximately AUD $1,450 per month plus an annual bonus is provided by the government to support informal caregivers. In some European countries the ‘Family Caregiver Wage’ exists where family caregivers are given wages the same as a paid caregiver (Canadian Centre of Elder Law, 2013). 3.3 Respite Care Certain studies conducted in the United States, showed that the level of disability or care is directly proportional to work absences and inversely proportional to job acceptances (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Therefore, respite care is provided to support and provide temporary relief for family caregivers. Respite care can be utilized regularly or irregularly based on the caregivers’ transgression. Similar studies have showed that respite care results in fewer hospital admission and lower emotional health problems for both caregivers and care recipients (The Commonwealth Fund, 2013). Caregiver stress is a common problem for informal caregivers. Respite care prevents caregiver burn-out and relieves care-giver stress. These short breaks allow the caregivers to attend to urgent matters or provide themselves with the vacation that they deserve. The prevention of caregiver health problems through respite care eventually lowers healthcare cost. Business Regulation Combining Work and Caregiving ­ For the past decades, many employers have implemented working policies, programs and incentives for employees’ work-family needs. The work-family agenda that family advocates and professional human resource associations promote recognizes how difficult it is to juggle responsibilities at home with those at work. Employers are encouraged to embrace a work-family agenda not only because it creates a more positive relationship between employers and their employees, but it has positive economic effects as well. Failure to address family issues may cost employers billions annually due to lost productivity (Canadian Centre of Elder Law, 2013). Flexible workplace policies enhance employee’s productivity, reduce absenteeism, reduce costs, and appear to have positive effects on profit. In addition, these policies aid on the efforts of recruitment and retention wherein employers tend to retain a talented and knowledgeable workforce while money that would otherwise be used in the recruitment, selection and training of a new employee would be retained. Family has been referred to as the building block of a community. A healthy family is productive to both state government and business community. Therefore, the government must monitor the needs of the working force to sustain a productive economy. Financial support and provision of pension credits for care giving Reduced participation in paid employment has significant consequences for the family caregiver’s pension security. Lower income earnings undermine the caregiver’s ability to save for retirement and reduce accumulated pension credits (Canadian Centre of Elder Law, 2013). Informal Caregiving remains the least expensive form of care. In a household where people have to cut back on working hours or quit their jobs altogether, comprehensive measures need to be put in place to compensate for the services provided by caregivers. Although this area of provision remains inadequate to sustain most care-giver needs, many countries have paved the way for its innovation. ‘Carer Pension’ in Australia and Norway are provided to care givers who have not sustained employment due to their caregiver roles. Other Pension plans in Germany, France, U.K and Sweden act as contributions for family caregivers. CONCLUSION Healthcare cost inflation has risen yet again after its hibernation during the 1990’s. Billions are spent on healthcare cost annually with the United States at the forefront. Along with rising healthcare cost is rising dissatisfaction on the system. People are struggling to accept the price hike on healthcare indirectly proportional to the quality of the system. People’s dissatisfaction coupled with the impending crisis because of the healthcare price hike, policy makers have started to look on possible reforms to decrease healthcare costs without compromising access and quality. Expensive healthcare is increasingly becoming a burden especially to developing countries where healthcare provisions are of the most basic. Increasing cost of healthcare also increases the inequity gap for all countries. It means more people in poverty are getting lesser care and treatment than people above the poverty line. This goes against internationally established healthcare ethics. Unless a compromise or a solution is set in motion as soon as possible, problems arising from rising healthcare costs will become much more of a burden tomorrow that they are today. Strategies to contain or even reduce healthcare costs have been tried in recent years. Further education and training have been encouraged especially to poorer nations in an attempt to eradicate the shortage of healthcare workers and professionals. Adequate healthcare workers make a huge difference on a micro-economic and macro-economic level. In a bacterial or viral view, more vectors means faster transmission of illnesses and higher rates of mutation thus a swifter eradication of the human race. This theory applied to the healthcare worker shortage mean more workers for economic stability and more people against the spread of illness. Examples of these policies have been mentioned in the previous section. Education and Training is just one step that can make a huge difference when regulated properly and consistently. Caregiver incentives such as tax relief, pension credits and security benefits financially assist informal caregivers. These policies enable a more personal care provided to family members who are disabled, ageing or just incapable of self-maintained care. The international overview of these policies pave the way for a global reform. Although changes will be country specific, developing countries or other developed countries can make use of the template provided by the nations who have undergone reforms with positive outcomes. It is then important to look at evidence-based practice to further every nation’s development. Lastly, business policies on caregivers need to be put in careful consideration due to possible caregiver discrimination. A strong workforce is needed for an economy to remain sustainable. It is mostly through taxes gathered from the working class that a nation is able to operate. Thus employers have to be encouraged to establish a good relationship with its employees with regards to work hours and work incentives. No matter how many policies are put in place and no matter how many times a nation reforms its healthcare system, flexibility and sustainability of all the policies need to be solidified first. Trying times call for desperate measures and I believe that unless solutions are formulated soon, either the economy will fail or nations will give more of the citizens’ healthcare responsibilities at their own cost. To remain fiscally sustainable and capable of high quality healthcare provision, individual countries need to learn from each other’s policies and reforms. There is no ‘magic bullet’ for this healthcare dilemma but history has recorded that international cooperation remains the world’s only hope for any global struggle. References: Canadian Centre of Elder Law. (2013). Family Caregiving. Vancouver. Author. Kolata, G. (2012, March 5). Knotty Challenges in Health Care Costs. The New York Times. D6. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com The Commonwealth Fund. (2013). International Profiles of Health Care Systems, 2013. New York: Author. World Health Organisation [WHO]. (2008). Scaling Up, Saving Lives. London. Author. 1

Busy Bubbles Laundromat and Car Cleaning Essay -- Observation Essays, D

Busy Bubbles Laundromat and Car Cleaning Free drying is for wash customers only May not be the most welcoming of banners, and yet if you are a wash customer you are one of the privileged and included. This wonderful space of washing, drying, tanning and car cleaning has to be the one and only Busy Bubbles. A small building just north of NDSU, this is an extraordinarily busy little corner of the world we call Fargo- Moorhead. Not only, can you wash your car and tan; this is a 24-hour laundromat that features: free drying! Doesn’t sound like much in the large scheme of things, and yet the numbers of people that visit this business in a week is staggering. And while the NDSU campus is very close, and the word â€Å"FREE† is connected to this establishment, it is not only college students that frequent this place of business. For an avid people watcher this place is a gold mine! Everyone needs clean clothes, and people of all kinds find their way to Busy Bubbles to complete this chore. Busy Bubbles is a smallish building considering all of the activity that goes on inside. The first thing you notice as you approach the building, are the standard car wash stalls. The functional appearance of the inside isn’t really surprising until you start to look around. The ordered green and white design on the wall seems a little at odds with the funky mismatched furniture, and the hodgepodge message board. Any one need a used truck or a new kitten? Maybe you would like to work out of your home? Or apply to be a foster care family? This board will cover any of your needs. The room appears a bit sterile, but there are little areas where you can’t miss the touch of humanity. Don’t forget to check the lost and found basket before you leave. .. ...le have entered. Two couples, one with a small child. I find it curious how both of these husbands disappear as soon as the laundry is in the wash. I can see them out starting to wash their cars. Do they know how to run the washers? Or are they intimidated by a group of women together chatting? Even my new friends husband has found other things to do in the midst of this chatter. Women always have something to chat about with complete strangers. Well in the middle of all this simple chatting I’ve finished my chore. I say goodbye to the friendly couple, knowing it’s likely I’ll never see then again. That’s how it is at the laundromat I guess. You meet people, pass the time, and then you all go your separate ways. I wonder out loud, as I go, if the pyjama lady will remember to come back for her clothes. I guess I’ll have to check out the lost and found next time.